Scattering by solutions of major sea salts.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Increased scattering by seawater relative to that by pure water is primarily due to additional fluctuation of the refractive index contributed by sea salts. Salts with different ionic weight and sizes, while barely affecting the scattering that is due to density fluctuations, have a significant effect on the scattering that is due to concentration fluctuations. And this explains the major differences of their total scattering that would be observed. Scattering by solutions of NaCl, the major sea salt, is consistently about 6.7% and 4% lower than seawater of the same mass concentration and of the same refractive index, respectively. Because of ionic interactions, the molecular scattering does not follow the simple addition rule that applies to bulk inherent optical properties, with the total less than the summation of the parts. The possible values of scattering by waters of, such as, Dead Sea or Orca Basin, which have different salt composition from seawater, are discussed.
منابع مشابه
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII ( 2001 ) 1726 . pdf
Introduction: A small number of moons in the solar system may harbour large bodies of liquid water beneath their surfaces. Of these, the postulated 'ocean' that may lie under Europa's crust is of particular interest and the utility of acoustic remote-sensing is discussed with emphasis on use in a Europan sea. Sonar as payload: The Huygens probe en route to Titan carries a 15 kHz non-beam formin...
متن کاملSonar Behaviour in Non - Terrestrial Ocean Exploration
Introduction: A small number of moons in the solar system may harbour large bodies of liquid water beneath their surfaces. Of these, the postulated 'ocean' that may lie under Europa's crust is of particular interest and the utility of acoustic remote-sensing is discussed with emphasis on use in a Europan sea. Sonar as payload: The Huygens probe en route to Titan carries a 15 kHz non-beam formin...
متن کاملSea Surfaces Scattering by Multi-Order Small-Slope Approximation: a Monte-Carlo and Analytical Comparison
L-band electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional random rough sea surfaces are calculated by first- and second-order Small-Slope Approximation (SSA1, 2) methods. Both analytical and numerical computations are utilized to calculate incoherent normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) in mono- and bi-static cases. For evaluating inverse Fourier transform, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) i...
متن کاملMicroplastics in water, sediment and salts from traditional salt producing ponds
Plastic pollution has universally known accumulated in all environment compartments and accelerating threat to the sustainability of earth. Field survey to examine the occurrence of microplastics in ancient sea water evaporation technology of ponds at Pallengu-Jeneponto, was conducted. From this sea salt producing ponds, samples of water, sediment and freshly harvested salts were collected. Six...
متن کاملA Quantitative Study of the Effect of Anions on the Permeability of Plant Cells
Although the effects of cations on the permeability of plant cells have frequently been studied, comparatively little attention has been paid to the action of anions. The writer has investigated the effects of a series of anions on the permeability of Laminaria agardhii Kjellm. Measurements were made of the electrical conductivity by the method described by Osterhout. x The salts were the pures...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Optics express
دوره 17 22 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2009